Serum cytokines of the 20 Krad-irradiated S. mansoni cercariae vaccinated, primary and superinfected Cercopethicus aethiops aethiops

Appropriate animal models are necessary to better understand the immune response in schistosomiasis. Schistosoma mansoni infection was established using irradiated cercariae in Cercopithecus aethiops aethiops (Grivet monkey) to describe immune responses of the serum cytokines, IL-4, IL-10, IL-12, IFN- γ, and TNF-α. Intraperitoneal irradiated cercariae immunization on three occasions resulted in some differences of cytokine production. In primary infection, IL-4 was significantly raised (p = 0.03) in the immunized monkeys, and there was an insignificant increase (p > 0.05) in IL-10. However, ova excretion did not influence the cytokines, except in the controls where both IL-4 and IL-10 were significantly increased (p < 0.05). In the controls, IL-12 and INF-γ levels were lower after ova excretion, but the inflammatory TNF-α increased (p = 0.049) and these findings can be associated with more liver pathogenesis in the group. Thus, this work has indicated the potential importance of anti-schistosome vaccine studies on the grivet monkeys.