Relationship between critical load exceedances and empirical impact indicators at Integrated Monitoring sites across Europe

► Critical loads of acidity and eutrophication determined for UNECE ICP IM sites. ► European Integrated Monitoring sites still affected by acidification in 2020. ► Half of sites studied susceptible to eutrophication in 2020. ► Exceedance of CL acidity correlated with key acidification indicators in runoff. ► Evidence of link between exceedance of CL nitrogen and nitrogen leached.