A Stochastic Dynamic Methodology (StDM) for reservoir's water quality management: Validation of a multi-scale approach in a south European basin (Douro, Portugal)

Worldwide aquatic ecosystems have been impacted by broad-scale environmental pressures such as agriculture, point and non-point-source pollution and land-use changes overlapping in space and time, leading to the disruption of the structure and functioning of these systems. The present paper examined the applicability of a holistic Stochastic Dynamic Methodology (StDM) in predicting the tendencies of phytoplankton communities and physicochemical conditions in reservoirs as a response to the changes in the respective watershed soil use. The case of the Douro's basin (Portugal) was used to test the StDM performance in this multi-scale approach. The StDM is a sequential modelling process developed in order to predict the ecological status of changed ecosystems, from which management strategies can be designed. The data used in the dynamic model construction included true gradients of environmental changes and was sampled from 1995 to 2004. The dynamic model developed was preceded by a conventional multivariate statistical procedure performed to discriminate the significant relationships between the selected ecological components. The model validation was based on independent data, for all the state variables considered. Overall, the simulation results are encouraging since they seem to demonstrate the StDM reliability in capturing the dynamics of the studied reservoirs. The StDM model simulations were validated for the most part of the twenty-two components selected as ecological indicators, with a performance of 50% for the physicochemical variables, 75% for the phytoplankton variables, and 100% for the Carlson trophic state indices (TSI). This approach provides a useful starting point, as a contribution for the practical implementation of the European Water Framework Directive, allowing the development of a true integrated assessment tool for water quality management, both at the scale of the reservoir body and at the scale of the respective river watershed dynamics.