Integrated indicators in environmental planning: Methodological considerations and applications

After a short introduction on approaches using either structural or functional indicators, we develop a methodological framework for the analysis and management of landscapes, using landscape ecological principles related to a holistic approach. In a next step, we disaggregate some of the internal processes in landscapes in order to delineate groups of indicators in its spatio-temporal context. In a case study, conducted in an area in Central Italy, the use of some landscape ecological indicators is presented. It is an example of how a set of indicators can be applied to a part of the landscape, which is considered as a whole or integrated unit, according to the principles of landscape ecology. On the basis of four landscape metrics out of eight, calculated in a Geographical Information System (GIS), we present potential areas for greenways in our study area of 16,000 ha in a scale of 1:25,000. The results are directed to landscape planning and management and are, therefore, of particular interest not only from a scientific point of view, but also regarding land use planning by local administrators. Due to limitations in achieving more indicators, especially for the interrelation between ecology and socio-economy, the study group expresses the clear need for further refinement of this excellent analytical and management instrument with a special focus on integrated indicators.