Spatial carbon and nitrogen distribution and organic matter characteristics of biological soil crusts in the Negev desert (Israel) along a rainfall gradient

► BSC stratigraphy reflects nutrient distribution and organic matter stability. ► Spatial distribution of OC and N is characterized by depth, relief and rainfall. ► Organic matter composition and main biomass contributors are identified by Py-FIMS. ► Increasing rainfall induces shift towards pentoses and N-acetylmuramic acid. ► The turnover rate of BSC increases with an increase in moisture and BSC thickness.