Landscape Modeling for Human – Sulawesi Crested Black Macaques Conflict in North Sulawesi

The main threat to the survival of Sulawesi Crested Black Macaques (SCBM) Macaca nigra in North Sulawesi is habitat destruction caused by land use change and illegal hunting. This threat has been escalated human – SCBM conflict such as crop-raiding. This study aimed to develop the probability of human - SCBM conflict model in North Sulawesi and to analyze the causes of conflict. This study was conducted in Tangkoko-Batuangus and Duasodara Nature Reserve. Main methodologies were combination between GIS modeling technique and binary logistic regression in order to obtain spatial model of probability human - SCBM conflict. The results showed the high, medium, and low probability conflict areas were covering 2008.5 ha (17.05%), 3621.7 ha (30.76%) and 6143.9 ha (52.18%), respectively. Environmental variables that affected the conflict were elevation of 400-800 m and natural forests. These variables were related to the main characteristic of the high intensity of human and SCMB daily activities areas.