Adiabatic Two-Phase CPAL Flip-Flops Operating on Near-Threshold and Super-Threshold Regions

Low-power adiabatic flip-flops operating on near-threshold and super-threshold regions are investigated in this paper. The flip- flops are realized using two-phase CPAL (complementary pass-transistor adiabatic logic) circuits. A traffic light controller operating on near-threshold and super- threshold regions is verified. All circuits are simulated using NCSU PDK 45 nm technology by varying supply voltage from 0.4 V to 0.9 V with 0.1 V steps. Based on the HSPICE simulation results, the energy consumption of the medium-voltage adiabatic flip-flops using two-phase CPAL circuits can be greatly reduced with reasonable speed.