Evaluation and characterization of thyroid-disrupting activities in soil samples along the Second Songhua River, China

• Yeast based bioassays were used to evaluate thyroid hormone disruption of soils.
• Monte Carlo simulation was used to quantify and analyze TR antagonists in soils.
• Hydrophilic, polar fractions were contributors to TR antagonist in soils.

In this study, a recombinant thyroid receptor (TR) gene yeast assay combined with Monte Carlo simulation were used to evaluate and characterize soil samples collected from Jilin (China) along the Second Songhua River, for their ant/agonist effect on TR. No TR agonistic activity was found in soils, but many soil samples exhibited TR antagonistic activities, and the bioassay-derived amiodarone hydrochloride equivalents, which was calculated based on Monte Carlo simulation, ranged from not detected (N.D.) to 35.5 μg/g. Hydrophilic substance fractions were determined to be the contributors to TR antagonistic activity in these soil samples. Our results indicate that the novel calculation method is effective for the quantification and characterization of TR antagonists in soil samples, and these data could provide useful information for future management and remediation efforts for contaminated soils.