NitroScape: A model to integrate nitrogen transfers and transformations in rural landscapes

► The landscape scale is relevant to study how spatial interactions affect Nr fate. ► The NitroScape model integrates Nr transfer and transformation at landscape scale. ► NitroScape couples existing atmospheric, farm, agro-ecosystem and hydrological models. ► Data exchanges within NitroScape are dynamic and spatially distributed. ► More than 10% of the simulated N2O emissions are due to indirect emissions.