کد مقاله | کد نشریه | سال انتشار | مقاله انگلیسی | نسخه تمام متن |
---|---|---|---|---|
4426034 | 1309118 | 2009 | 11 صفحه PDF | دانلود رایگان |
![عکس صفحه اول مقاله: Evaluation of approaches to calculate critical metal loads for forest ecosystems Evaluation of approaches to calculate critical metal loads for forest ecosystems](/preview/png/4426034.png)
This paper evaluates approaches to calculate acceptable loads for metal deposition to forest ecosystems, distinguishing between critical loads, stand-still loads and target loads. We also evaluated the influence of including the biochemical metal cycle on the calculated loads. Differences are illustrated by examples of Cd, Cu, Pb and Zn for a deciduous forest on five major soil types in the Netherlands. Stand-still loads are generally lower than critical loads, which in turn are lower than the target loads indicating that present levels are below critical levels. Uncertainties in the calculated critical loads are mainly determined by the uncertainty in the critical limits and the chemical speciation model. Including the metal cycle has a small effect on the calculated critical loads. Results are discussed in view of the applicability of the critical load concept for metals in future protocols on the reduction in metal emissions.
Journal: Environmental Pollution - Volume 157, Issue 12, December 2009, Pages 3422–3432