Source contributions to carbonaceous aerosol concentrations in Korea

► The domestic anthropogenic emissions are found to be most important, contributing 74% (9% by fossil fuel and 65% by biofuel) and 78% (42% by fossil fuel and 36% by biofuel) to OC and BC concentrations, respectively, on an annual mean basis in Korea. ► Trans-boundary transport of Chinese sources is also an important factor contributing 13% and 20% to OC and BC. ► Contributions of wildfires and biogenic sources are relatively small, 4% and 6% to annual mean carbonaceous aerosol concentrations in Korea.