Estimates of the contributions of biogenic and anthropogenic hydrocarbons to secondary organic aerosol at a southeastern US location

An organic tracer-based method containing laboratory and field study components was used to estimate the secondary organic aerosol (SOA) contributions of biogenic and anthropogenic hydrocarbons to ambient organic carbon (OC) concentrations in PM2.5 during 2003 in Research Triangle Park, NC. In the laboratory, smog chamber experiments were conducted where isoprene, α-pinene, β-caryophyllene, and toluene were individually irradiated in the presence of NOX. In each experiment, SOA was collected and analyzed for potential tracer compounds, whose concentrations were used to calculate a mass fraction of tracer compounds for each hydrocarbon. In the field, 33 PM2.5 samples were collected and analyzed for (1) tracer compounds observed in the laboratory irradiations, (2) levoglucosan, a biomass burning tracer, and (3) total OC. For each of the four hydrocarbons, the SOA contributions to ambient OC concentrations were estimated using the tracer concentrations and the laboratory-derived mass fractions. The estimates show SOA formation from isoprene, α-pinene, β-caryophyllene, and toluene contributed significantly to the ambient OC concentrations. The relative contributions were highly seasonal with biomass burning in the winter accounting for more than 50% of the OC concentrations, while SOA contributions remained low. However, during the 6-month period between May and October, SOA from the precursor hydrocarbons contributed more than 40% of the measured OC concentration. Although the tracer-based method is subject to considerable uncertainty due to the simplification of replacing the complex set of chemical reactions responsible for SOA with a laboratory-derived single-valued mass fraction, the results suggest this approach can be used to identify major sources of SOA which can assist in the development of air quality models.