Carbon-isotope stratigraphy and temperature change during the Early–Middle Jurassic (Toarcian–Aalenian), Raasay, Scotland, UK

The data presented here provide the first high-resolution investigation of carbon and oxygen isotope derived from Boreal Aalenian–Bajocian belemnites from the Isle of Raasay, Scotland, UK. Further isotope data has been gathered from the Toarcian. The carbon-isotope data reveal a positive carbon-isotope excursion in the early Aalenian Scissum Zone (equivalent to the Tethyan Comptum Subzone). The correspondence between this record and Tethyan records lends support that this excursion is global in origin. Although the excursion is coeval with a transgressive interval less obvious is an association with the deposition of organic-rich deposits. An equivocal excursion toward light isotopic close to the Aalenian–Bajocian boundary may be linked to a major pulse of subduction related magmatism. Light oxygen isotopes (and high temperatures) are derived from belemnites from the Toarcian Falciferum Zone. Akin to coeval data from elsewhere surface waters during the Falciferum Zone may have been episodically reduced. Oxygen isotope data from the Aalenian are interpreted to show a cooling trend to a minimum at the base in the Opalinum–Scissum zonal boundary. This major step in cooling is however not entirely coincident with sea-level data and significantly the inferred cooling occurs prior to the positive carbon-isotope excursion. Hence a carbon drawdown and burial scenario that has been interpreted from positive carbon excursions elsewhere cannot drive a precursory cooling episode.