The Outer Loop bioreactor: A case study of settlement monitoring and solids decomposition

The Outer Loop landfill bioreactor (OLLB) located in Louisville, KY, USA has been in operation since 2000 and represents an opportunity to evaluate long-term bioreactor monitoring data at a full-scale operational landfill. Three types of landfill units were studied including a Control cell, a new landfill area that had a piping network installed as waste was being placed to support leachate recirculation (As-Built cell), and a conventional landfill that was modified to allow for liquid recirculation (Retrofit cell). The objective of this study is to summarize the results of settlement data and assess how these data relate to solids decomposition monitoring at the OLLB. The Retrofit cells started to settle as soon as liquids were introduced. The cumulative settlement during the 8 years of monitoring varied from 60 to 100 cm. These results suggest that liquid recirculation in the Retrofit cells caused a 5–8% reduction in the thickness of the waste column. The average long-term settlement in the As-Built and Control Cells was about 37% and 19%, respectively. The modified compression index (Cα′) was 0.17 for the Control cells and 0.2–0.48 for the As-Built cells.While the As-Built cells exhibited greater settlement than the Control cells, the data do not support biodegradation as the only explanation. The increased settlement in the As-Built bioreactor cell appeared to be associated with liquid movement and not with biodegradation because both chemical (biochemical methane potential) and physical (moisture content) indicators of decomposition were similar in the Control and As-Built cells. The solids data are consistent with the concept that bioreactor operations accelerate the rate of decomposition, but not necessarily the cumulative loss of anaerobically degradable solids.

► Three types of landfill units were studied: Control cell, As-Built cell, Retrofit cell.
► Settlement of the Retrofit, Control, and As-Built cells was monitored for 10 years.
► Samples for solids analysis were excavated in 2000, 2002, 2003, 2005 and 2010.
► Increased settlement in As-Built cell associated with liquid movement and not with biodegradation.
► Solids data indicate that bioreactor accelerate rate of decomposition but not its ultimate extent.