Optimal design of energy-efficient and cost-effective wireless body area networks

Wireless Body Area Networks (WBANs) represent one of the most promising approaches for improving the quality of life, allowing remote patient monitoring and other healthcare applications. The deployment of a WBAN is a critical issue that impacts both the network lifetime and the total energy consumed by the network. This work investigates the optimal design of wireless body area networks by studying the joint data routing and relay positioning problem, in order to increase the network lifetime. To this end, we propose a mixed integer linear programming model, the Energy-Aware WBAN Design model, which optimizes the number and location of relays to be deployed and the data routing towards the sink, minimizing both the network installation cost and the energy consumed by wireless sensors and relays. We solve the proposed model in both realistic WBAN scenarios and general topologies, and compare the model performance to the most notable approaches proposed in the literature. Numerical results demonstrate that our model (1) provides a good tradeoff between the energy consumption and the number of installed relays, and (2) designs energy-efficient and cost-effective WBANs in a short computation time, thus representing an interesting framework for the dynamic WBAN design problem.