A novel stable selection and reliable transmission protocol for clustered heterogeneous wireless sensor networks

In this paper, a new model with energy and computational heterogeneity is proposed for heterogeneous wireless sensor networks (HWSNs). The energy dissipation structure and the optimum number of clusters in HWSNs are also obtained under a mathematical model, providing the guidance for designing the clustering protocols. Moreover, a novel energy efficient protocol that can guarantee the reliable transmission for HWSNs is designed to improve the clustering scheme in low-energy adaptive clustering hierarchy (LEACH) and LEACH-type protocols, in which the cluster head selection algorithm is based on a method of energy dissipation forecast and clustering management (EDFCM). EDFCM considers the residual energy and energy consumption rate in all nodes. Simulation results show that EDFCM balances the energy consumption better than the conventional routing protocols and prolongs the lifetime of networks obviously.