In-vivo edema inhibition of Hyoscyamus albus antioxidant extracts rich in calystegines

• Extraction and isolation of calystegines from leaves, flowers and seeds of Hyoscyamus albus growing in Bejaia (Algeria).
• Chromatographic analysis led to the identification of several calystegines in all samples with a new one calystegine B4 never related in the plant.
• Antioxidant tests showed a greater efficiency of seeds extract.
• In-vivo anti-inflammatory investigation demonstrated potent potential of all extracts with pic of activity achieved 2 h after injection of carrageenan.

Calystegines are polyhydroxylated alkaloids that mimic carbohydrate structures. In this study, nortropane alkaloids were extracted from Hyoscyamus albus in order to evaluate their antioxidant and In-vivo anti-inflammatory activities. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis indicated the presence of several calystegines in the plant (leaves, flowers and seeds), and highlighted the existence of calystegines A5 and B4 in seeds and flowers; in fact the occurrence of these two compounds in the plant has been showed for the first time in this study. Antioxidant tests (DPPH, ABTS, reducing power assay and inhibition of human erythrocyte hemolysis mediated by peroxyl free radicals) showed potent activity of seeds calystegines with an EC50 of 60.83 μg/ml in DPPH scavenging test, TEAC value of 111.4 μmol Trolox/g in ABTS assay and gave 54.03% human membrane RBCs hemolysis protection at 2.5 mg/ml. Similar trend was found in anti-inflammatory test, where H. albus extracts showed strong activity, being seeds extract the strongest. This extract enriched in calystegines inhibited mice paw edema induced by carrageenan at 100 and 200 mg/kg 2 h after injection comparably to the standard Indomethacin. In conclusion, seeds extract had the strongest antioxidant and antiinflammatory activity, which can be related with the highest content of calystegines compared to leaves and flowers and this can support the traditional uses of this plant in many countries.

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