Growth and accumulation of caffeic acid derivatives in Echinacea angustifolia DC. var. angustifolia grown in hydroponic culture

► E. angustifolia DC. var. angustifolia was grown hydroponically for 11-16 weeks. ► Root yield of two consecutive cultures was within those of field crops after 2-4 years. ► Root content of echinacoside was always below the minimum amount required by the market.