Application of the single point measurement in discharge estimation

The fluid flow system can be described by an equivalent electromagnetic system. In this paper a successful application of the Biot-Savart law in hydraulics is presented. Similarity between the magnetic field of a current wire and the isovel contours in a channel cross-section is used to derive the isovel patterns in an open or closed channel. Having obtained the normalized isovel contours, one can easily obtain the discharge using a single point of velocity measurement at the conduit cross-section. The estimated discharge, based on measured points and the predicted isovels on the upper half of the flow depth away from the boundaries was within ±5% of the measured and much better in comparison to the prediction of one- and two-point methods. Furthermore, the model was applied to real life channels. The prediction of the water surface velocity for the River Unon in Japan and depth-averaged velocity for the Severn River in UK show a good agreement with the measured data and analytical results.