La formule de Plancherel pour les groupes de Lie presque algébriques réels

We give a proof of the Plancherel formula for real almost algebraic groups in the philosophy of the orbit method, following the lines of the one given by M. Duflo and M. Vergne for simply connected semisimple Lie groups. Main ingredients are: (1) Harish-Chandra's descent method which, interpreting Plancherel formula as an equality of semi-invariant generalized functions, allows one to reduce it to a neighbourhood of zero in the Lie algebra of the centralizer of any elliptic element; (2) character formula for representations constructed by M. Duflo, we recently proved; (3) Poisson–Plancherel formula near elliptic elements s in good position, a generalization of the classical Poisson summation formula expressing the Fourier transform of the sum of a series of Harish-Chandra type elliptic orbital integrals in the Lie algebra centralizing s as a generalized function supported on a set of admissible regular forms in the dual of this Lie algebra.