Global geometry and topology of spacelike stationary surfaces in the 4-dimensional Lorentz space

• We establish a generalization of the Jorge–Meeks formula for stationary surfaces.
• Examples with finite total curvature whose Gauss maps do not extend to the ends.
• Much more embedded examples in the 4-dimensional Lorentz space.

For spacelike stationary (i.e. zero mean curvature) surfaces in 4-dimensional Lorentz space, one can naturally introduce two Gauss maps and a Weierstrass-type representation. In this paper we investigate the global geometry of such surfaces systematically. The total Gaussian curvature is related with the surface topology as well as the indices of the so-called good singular ends by a Gauss–Bonnet type formula. On the other hand, as shown by a family of counterexamples to Ossermanʼs theorem, finite total curvature no longer implies that Gauss maps extend to the ends. Interesting examples include the deformations of the classical catenoid, the helicoid, the Enneper surface, and Jorge–Meeksʼ k-noids. Each family of these generalizations includes embedded examples in the 4-dimensional Lorentz space, showing a sharp contrast with the 3-dimensional case.