The Issue of Soft Rocks Causing Problems in Foundation Engineering

Heterogeneity of the geological environment causes different problems related to foundation engineering. Every engineering-geological condition requires specific solutions. The occurrence of soft rock is a risk, especially in interaction with other actors. Among the so-called soft rocks are organic soil, clay and loam (silt), lacustrine sediments, but also soft soils in connection with phase changes in frozen or defrost environments. In connection with these problematic soils, questions of low bearing capacity, different settlement, landslides, heterogeneity of the geological environment and others are solved. The aim of the publication is to highlight the possible occurrence, the most common risks during interaction of this type of geological environment with engineering construction. A series of case studies and investigations of different countries are mentioned in this publication. Creating a simple scheme of soft rock and summarizing the basic problems of soft rock serves as a generalization of this problem. However, it should be understood that each foundation soil is located in a different environments, which is also influenced by other factors.