Hydrogeology of the Kaklik (Denizli) Aquifer in Turkey

The purpose of this study is to determine the hydrogeological properties of aquifers, groundwater potential, and hydraulic properties of the Denizli-Kaklık aquifer. The Kaklık aquifer is located at the upper part of the Çuruksu basin covering 1 234 km2 drainage area and is recharged from 3 subbasins; the Yokuşbaşı subbasin (60 km2), the Emirçay subbasin (300 km2) and the Alikurt subbasin (180 km2). Annual precipitation is about 260.4x106 m3/year, evaporation is 183.6 x 106 m3/year, streamflow is 45.57x106 m3/year, discharge from the irrigational wells is 3.3 x 106 m3/year and residual of 27.93 x 106 m3/year is groundwater reserve. The main aquifers are Çökelez Limestone, Sazak formation and Alluvium. The Çökelez Limestone and Sazak formation are karstic aquifers. Malıdağ fm, İnceler fm, Karadere fm and Bayıralan formation are impermeable rocks. The Kızılburun formation is semi-permeable aquifer. Alluvial fan and alluvium are the permeable clastic aquifer. Thickness of aquifer at Yokuşbaşı region varies between 10 to 60 m. Transmissivity contours range between 10 and 24,885 m2/day and hydraulic conductivity contours range between 0 and 120 m/day in Kaklik Aquifer. The water table fluctuations show a decrease of 4 m from 1995 (32 m) to 2003 (36 m). Water table of 42720 wells show an increase from year 1997 to year 2004. Potentiometric surface maps for the years 2008 were constructed for the Kaklık aquifer and it shows the directions of groundwater flow. Potentiometric surface varies from 630 m at Alikurt (east) to 380 m OSM (west) in the flowpath of 20 km. Hydraulic gradient is about h= 0,0125. Flow directions generally incline from east to west.