Frazil flocculation and secondary nucleation in a counter-rotating flume

Measurements of water temperature, air temperature, and digital images taken during ice formation were analyzed. A multiple linear regression model using turbulence intensity and the minimum water temperature as the two independent variables was found to reasonably model the rate of secondary nucleation, and indicated that higher levels of turbulence and colder temperatures increased the rate of secondary nucleation. Initial analysis of the digital images demonstrates that turbulence intensity also increases the uniformity of the vertical distribution of frazil particles and tends to inhibit frazil flocculation.