Sedimentology of rocky shorelines 5: The marine samples at + 326m from 'Stearns swale' (Lanai, Hawaiʻi) and their paleo-environmental and sedimentary process implications

These features are consistent with (1) deposition of the sediments on or closely overlying an unconformity surface cut in basalt bedrock in the vicinity of a rocky shoreline. They are also consistent with (2) derivation of the materials from rocky shorelines or shorefaces at lower elevations and their transport up-slope by waves generated by a Category 5 hurricane or by a mega-tsunami. We prefer the first scenario, as Lanai's vertical mobility is indicated by at least ten topographically distinct shoreline-related deposits located at various elevations on or adjacent to Lanai, including six submerged terraces on its western flank.