Shock wave propagation in layered planetary embryos

• Impact heating of a growing planetary embryo.
• A new scaling law for the particle velocity behind the shock front.
• New treatment of the shock wave boundary condition at the core mantle boundary.
• The shock-related temperature increase jumps crossing the core mantle boundary.
• The antipodal hemisphere of the core is heated twice.

The propagation of impact-induced shock wave inside a planetary embryo is investigated using the Hugoniot equations and a new scaling law, governing the particle velocity variations along a shock ray inside a spherical body. The scaling law is adopted to determine the impact heating of a growing embryo in its early stage when it is an undifferentiated and uniform body. The new scaling law, similar to other existing scaling laws, is not suitable for a large differentiated embryo consisting of a silicate mantle overlying an iron core. An algorithm is developed in this study on the basis of the ray theory in a spherically symmetric body which relates the shock parameters at the top of the core to those at the base of the mantle, thus enabling the adoption of scaling laws to estimate the impact heating of both the mantle and the core. The algorithm is applied to two embryo models: a simple two-layered model with a uniform mantle overlying a uniform core, and a model where the pre-shock density and acoustic velocity of the embryo are radially dependent. The former illustrates details of the particle velocity, shock pressure, and temperature increase behind the shock front in a 2D axisymmetric geometry. The latter provides a means to compare the results with those obtained by a hydrocode simulation. The agreement between the results of the two techniques in revealing the effects of the core–mantle boundary on the shock wave transmission across the boundary is encouraging.