Experimental research on development of heated form incorporating exothermic reaction powder to protect concrete in cold weather

Concrete cast at low temperatures can have an adverse effect on the concrete quality owing to both a delay in the hydration reaction of the concrete and the occurrence of early frost damage. Therefore, a heating sheet was developed, which exploited the exothermic reaction between quicklime and water. A form with the heating sheet attached experienced a temperature rise and had a high compressive strength. TG-DTA analysis confirmed that a larger amount of the Ca(OH)2 hydration product was generated in the form with the heating sheet attached, while SEM analysis visually confirmed the size and shape of the hydration product.