Age and DRD4 Genotype Moderate Associations Between Stimulant Treatment History and Cortex Structure in Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder

Carriers of the DRD4 risk allele at a younger age might be sensitive to cortical remodeling after stimulant treatment. The cross-sectional nature of this study warrants cautious interpretation of age effects. The present findings, although of small effect size, might ultimately contribute to optimal care for individuals with ADHD.