Population differences in brain morphology: Need for population specific brain template

Brain templates provide a standard anatomical platform for population based morphometric assessments. Typically, standard brain templates for such assessments are created using Caucasian brains, which may not be ideal to analyze brains from other ethnicities. To effectively demonstrate this, we compared brain morphometric differences between T1 weighted structural MRI images of 27 healthy Indian and Caucasian subjects of similar age and same sex ratio. Furthermore, a population specific brain template was created from MRI images of healthy Indian subjects and compared with standard Montreal Neurological Institute (MNI-152) template. We also examined the accuracy of registration of by acquiring a different T1 weighted MRI data set and registering them to newly created Indian template and MNI-152 template. The statistical analysis indicates significant difference in global brain measures and regional brain structures of Indian and Caucasian subjects. Specifically, the global brain measurements of the Indian brain template were smaller than that of the MNI template. Also, Indian brain images were better realigned to the newly created template than to the MNI-152 template. The notable variations in Indian and Caucasian brains convey the need to build a population specific Indian brain template and atlas.