Associations among integrated psychoneuroimmunological factors and metabolic syndrome

Higher depression scores, higher CRP values, and lower HRV are independently and additively associated with MetS and risk components of MetS. Accordingly, a multidisciplinary approach to alleviating psychological distress, immune dysfunction, and autonomic nervous imbalance is recommended for promoting well-being in people with subclinical metabolic abnormalities or MetS to minimize downstream health consequences.