The behavioral TOPSIS

This paper updates and expands the TOPSIS that was introduced four decades ago. First, we re-present the logic of TOPSIS according to the traditional decision theory. It shows that TOPSIS also has a built-in multi-attribute value function that is not revealed explicitly. So far, this has been a hidden aspect of TOPSIS. Second, we incorporate the decision maker's (DM) behavioral tendency into TOPSIS. The behavioral TOPSIS accommodates the loss aversion concept in behavioral economics. A DM can set the loss aversion ratio to reflect his/her choice inclination. Two cases are illustrated to show the efficacy of the behavioral TOPSIS.