A case study of TTCN-3 test scripts clone analysis in an industrial telecommunication setting

Conclusion: About 24% of fragments in the test suites are cloned, which is a very high proportion of clones compared to what is generally found in source code. The difference in proportion of Type-1 and Type-2 clones is statistically significant and remarkably higher in TTCN-3 than in source code. Type-1 and Type-2 clones represent 82.9% and 15.3% of clone fragments for a total of 98.2%. Within the projects this study investigated, this represents more and easier potential re-factoring opportunities for test scripts than for code.