Optimum topological design of negative permeability dielectric metamaterial using a new binary particle swarm algorithm

First, the governing equations and the weak formulation of the electromagnetic problem are presented. Then, the optimization problem to be solved is formulated. The developed binary Particle Swarm Optimization method, and the developed interfacing method are explained. Some numerical examples are presented to demonstrate that the binary Particle Swarm Optimization is adapted to the topology optimization of negative permeability dielectric metamaterials, at given frequencies, to demonstrate the utility and validity of the presented method.