Interlayer-free hybrid carbon-silica membranes for processing brackish to brine salt solutions by pervaporation

• Interlayer-free carbon-silica matrices carbonized under vacuum and N2 atmosphere.
• Pendant ligand vinyl group and triblock copolymer embedded in the silica matrix.
• Higher mesoporosity and carbon yield via vacuum as compared to N2 carbonization.
• High water flux of 26.5 L m−2 h−1 for brackish feed with 99.5% salt rejection.
• Also high water flux of 9.2 L m−2 h−1 for brine (15 wt%) feed with 98.6% salt rejection.