کد مقاله کد نشریه سال انتشار مقاله انگلیسی نسخه تمام متن
4990005 1456945 2017 11 صفحه PDF دانلود رایگان
عنوان انگلیسی مقاله ISI
Electrodialysis of highly concentrated brines: Effects of calcium
ترجمه فارسی عنوان
الکترویدیلیز آب شور های بسیار متمرکز: اثرات کلسیم
کلمات کلیدی
الکترو دیالیز، جریان گاز شیل، آب دریا سدیم کلرید، کلسیم، دمینرالیزاسیون، جدا کردن، آب تولید شده، جلوگیری از ریزش مو،
موضوعات مرتبط
مهندسی و علوم پایه مهندسی شیمی تصفیه و جداسازی
چکیده انگلیسی
Electrodialysis (ED) is an electrochemically driven membrane technology that is usually used for treating feed water containing several thousand mg/l total dissolved solids (TDS). This research investigated the use of ED for the treatment of flowback water from shale gas hydro fracture. Shale brines contain tens of thousands of mg/l TDS and contain a mixture of multivalent cations, such as calcium, magnesium, barium, strontium, radium, iron, and manganese. This paper covers efforts undertaken to mitigate problems associated with high concentrations of calcium (4000 mg/l) in the presence of 30,000 mg/l NaCl. Eight baseline ED tests were performed with sodium chloride. Seven additional runs were designed to understand the effect of calcium on the electrodialysis process. Initial tests showed strong incursion of calcium into the electrolyte using a CMX barrier membrane. The apparent calcium fouling (in and around) the electrode cells was indicated by a rapid degradation of process efficiency, observed as a decrease in current. The single cathode boundary membrane was replaced with a membrane that was more selective against multivalent cations (CMX-S). Calcium flux into the electrolyte was reduced by 47-73% and the ion flux from the concentrate to the diluate improved by approximately 40% compared to the baseline. Additionally, the replacement of the single cathode boundary membrane imparted an apparent immunity to direct fouling by addition of calcium directly into the electrolyte.
ناشر
Database: Elsevier - ScienceDirect (ساینس دایرکت)
Journal: Separation and Purification Technology - Volume 175, 24 March 2017, Pages 443-453
نویسندگان
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