Modelling and experimental investigation of horizontal buoyant gas jets injected into stagnant uniform ambient liquid

In this article, an experimental and theoretical study on the buoyant non-condensable gas jet that is injected horizontally into a high-density liquid ambient at different initial conditions is performed. Direct and instantaneous global measurements of the interface were performed using a high-speed photography. The position and motion of the entire gas jet were captured by a high-velocity camera and the images were processed, averaged and analyzed to extract the jet parameters and interface position. In the mathematical model, the rate of entrainment is assumed to be a function of the jet centerline velocity, the ratio of the mean jet and the ambient densities, while the entrainment coefficient depends on the local Froude number at the jet region. An interfacial shear stress acting at the interface between the jet flow and the water ambient in the opposed direction to the main jet momentum flux is considered. The results showed that the model is able to accurately predict the jet parameters: trajectory, spread, jet angles and penetration lengths as well as the jet regimes. An overall good agreement was obtained between the simulation and experimental results over a large range of Froude numbers and jet diameters. The developed model has proven to be an adequate tool to predict the different jet parameters.