Transparency for governance: The mechanisms and effectiveness of disclosure-based and education-based transparency policies

► Transparency involves either “transparency for governance” or “transparency of governance.” ► Transparency policies can be either disclosure-based or education-based. ► Disclosure works when information recipients' responses alter targeted actors' incentives. ► Education works when targeted actors accept the information and norms being promoted. ► Transparency's influence is limited by various contextual factors.