Is there an “animal welfare Kuznets curve”?

The concept of a Kuznets curve has been applied to income inequality and to the environment. The Kuznets curve takes an inverted U-shape, with income or GDP on the X-axis and environmental degradation or inequality on the Y-axis. It is hypothesized here that an “animal welfare Kuznets curve” may exist, with harm to animals initially rising with economic growth followed by improvement in the treatment of animals after some peak value. Why an Animal Welfare Kuznets Curve might theoretically exist is explored. Empirical evidence supporting or refuting the existence of such a curve is also examined. The evidence is both quantitative and qualitative in nature, since some issues in welfare cannot be easily quantified. The evidence and theoretical presentation explores multiple areas of concern to animals, including animal agriculture, the use of animals in laboratories, companion animals (pets), and the fur industry. The conclusion is that evidence is mixed, with some measures indicating a turning point while other measures showing no sign of peaking/improving animal welfare.