How should business travel time savings be valued?

We conclude that the CSA does not provide a suitable basis for valuing business travel time savings. The HE and WTP approach do not tell the same story in terms of absolute values or variations in values according to key factors, but it is not clear which is the more appropriate. Further detailed exploratory research is needed into how employers value the benefits of employees' time savings. We recommend a carefully controlled triangulation of the CSA, HE, employers' WTP and employees' WTP, not seen since the pioneering work of Fowkes, Marks and Nash in 1986.