Does high-frequency trading increase systemic risk?

In 2010, the Tokyo Stock Exchange, the largest stock exchange headquartered outside of the United States, introduced a new trading platform, Arrowhead. This platform reduced latency and increased co-located, high-frequency quoting and trading (HFQ) from zero to 36% of trading volume. During tail events representing extreme market conditions, low-latency correlated HFQ may lead to systemic risks such as flash crashes, which has not been sufficiently addressed in the literature. In this paper, our study provides a framework to assess whether HFQ increases systemic risks and points to the need for incorporating correlations and CoVaR methods in regulating these risks through circuit breakers and other regulations.