Bi-objective programming approach for solving the metro timetable optimization problem with dwell time uncertainty

For optimization of timetables in metro systems with regular cyclic operation, this paper develops a bi-objective programming approach addressed to minimization of net energy consumption and total travel time with provision for dwell time uncertainty. Firstly, we formulate the bi-objective timetable optimization problem as an expected value model with speed profile control. Secondly, we use the ɛ-constraint method within a genetic algorithm framework to determine the Pareto optimal solutions. Finally, numerical examples based on the real-life operation data from the Beijing Metro Yizhuang Line are presented in order to illustrate the practicability and effectiveness of the approach developed in the paper.