Relationships between needle and syringe programs and police: An exploratory analysis of the potential role of in-service training

- Best practice recommendations encourage positive needle-and-syringe-programs (NSP)-police relationships.
- Majority of NSP managers surveyed reported positive relationships with police.
- Many NSPs do not provide in-service training to police.
- Provision of in-service training is related to positive NSP-police relationships.
- Research and evaluation are needed to uncover in-service training needs and impacts.

BackgroundTraining police on the public health benefits of needle and syringe programs (NSPs) is viewed as a best practice to facilitate more collaborative relationships between police and these programs. To date, while the limited published literature contains promising cases of harm reduction in-service training for police, evaluative evidence is preliminary.MethodsUsing an online survey, we asked NSP managers across Canada about their programs and the quality of their NSP-police relationships.ResultsWe analyzed data from the responses of 75 program managers among whom 69% reported that their program had a “positive” or “mostly positive” relationship with the police. In-service training about topics such as needle-stick injury prevention and NSP effectiveness was provided by less than 50% of the programs surveyed. Seventy-five percent reported no established protocols to resolve conflicts between NSP staff and police. Four variables, all related to in-service training, were significantly related to positive NSP-police relationships, including training about: NSP program goals (OR 7.7; 95% CI 2.0, 33.1); needle-stick injury prevention and basics of blood-borne virus transmission (OR 4.0; 95% CI 1.1, 15.34); the health and social concerns of people who use drugs (OR 3.9; 95% CI 1.1, 13.5); and evidence about the impact of injection equipment distribution (OR 3.9; 95% CI 1.1, 13.5).ConclusionsDevelopment of in-service training for police that is focused on harm reduction goals and initiatives is a new and evolving area. We highly encourage NSPs to offer and evaluate any such in-service training programs.