An Age-Stratified Longitudinal Study of Primary Spontaneous Pneumothorax

PurposeThe objective of this study was to determine the age-stratified incidence, frequency, and duration of recurrence of primary spontaneous pneumothorax (PSP).MethodsThis study analyzed the epidemiology of PSP among hospitalized patients using the National Health Research Institutes of Taiwan database. The incidence of PSP was determined from a cohort of 19,562 deidentified individuals with PSP between 2001 and 2013. The insurants consisted of 99% of the Taiwan population of about 23 million people. A 5- to 12-year long-term recurrence analysis was based on data from 11,190 patients with PSP between 2001 and 2008.ResultsThe incidence of PSP in in-patients increased from 5.05 to 7.18/100,000 in a 13-year analysis. The age group at highest risk was 15-22 years with incidence rates >11/100,000 and readmission rates of 17%-31%. About 20% of patients had more than one attack based on long-term follow-ups. About .8% of patients had more than three hospital admissions. Only 3.9% of patients had repeated or recurrent attacks after more than 4 years. All patients who had been admitted on more than four occasions were adolescents, except for four patients who were aged between 20 and 24 years old.ConclusionsAdolescents with PSP had a higher incidence of attacks and more frequent and longer periods of vulnerability to recurrence. The majority of patients experienced recurrence during the first 4 years after the first attack.