Accumulation of primary and secondary metabolites in edible jackfruit seed tissues and scavenging of reactive nitrogen species

- Sixty-seven compounds identified in jackfruit seed kernel and its coating membrane.
- Sixty primary and secondary metabolites reported for the first time.
- Seed kernel is significantly richer in all metabolites.
- Glutamine, and citric, palmitic and 5-caffeoylquinic acids are the major compounds.
- Aqueous extract of seed coating membrane is a more effective NO scavenger.

Studies involving jackfruit tree (Artocarpus heterophyllus Lam.) focus on its fruit. Nevertheless a considerable part of jackfruit weight is represented by its seeds. Despite being consumed in several countries, knowledge about the chemical composition of these seeds is scarce. In this work, the accumulation of primary and secondary metabolites in jackfruit seed kernel and seed coating membrane was studied. Sixty-seven compounds were identified, sixty of them being reported for the first time in jackfruit seed. Both tissues had a similar qualitative profile, but significant quantitative differences were found. The capacity of aqueous extracts from jackfruit seed kernel and seed coating membranes to scavenge nitric oxide radical was also evaluated for the first time, the extract prepared from the seed coating membrane being the most potent. This work increases the potential revenue from a food that is still largely wasted.