Influence of m-fluorine substituted phenylene spacer dyes in dye-sensitized solar cells

m-fluorine substituted phenyl moiety π-linker dyes with different donors bind efficiently with TiO2 and show diverse open-circuit voltage (Voc) and short-circuit current (Jsc) and Power conversion efficiency (PCE) of up to 4.2 (±0.2)% under one sun.180