Water-tolerant Ru-Starbon® materials for the hydrogenation of organic acids in aqueous ethanol

Highly active and stable ruthenium-supported nanoparticles show excellent activities and selectivities to target products in the aqueous hydrogenation of organic acids including succinic, fumaric, itaconic, levulinic and pyruvic acids. The materials were also highly reusable and comparably more active than related supported Ru materials.