A multi-criterion optimization technique for energy efficient cluster formation in wireless sensor networks

Clustering techniques have emerged as a popular choice for achieving energy efficiency and scalable performance in large scale sensor networks. Cluster formation is a process whereby sensor nodes decide which cluster head they should associate with among multiple choices. Typically this cluster head selection decision involves a metric based on parameters including residual energy and distance to the cluster head. This decision is a critical embarkation point as a poor choice can lead to increased energy consumption, thus compromising network lifetime. In this paper we present a novel energy efficient cluster formation algorithm based on a multi-criterion optimization technique. Our technique is capable of using multiple individual metrics in the cluster head selection process as input while simultaneously optimizing on the energy efficiency of the individual sensor nodes as well as the overall system. The proposed technique is implemented as a distributed protocol in which each node makes its decision based on local information only. The feasibility of the proposed technique is demonstrated with simulation results. It is shown that the proposed technique outperforms all other well known protocols including LEACH, EECS and HEED resulting in a significant increase in network life.