Effect of Ti additive on (Cr, Fe)7C3 carbide in arc surfacing layer and its refined mechanism

► Ti additive was added in the hypoeutectic HCCI arc surfacing layer. ► M7C3 carbide in arc surfacing microstructure of hypoeutectic HCCI has been refined with 2 wt.% Ti additive. ► TiC carbide can be observed in/around the M7C3 carbide. ► TiC as heterogeneous nuclei of the Cr7C3 is medium effective.