Enhanced antifouling behaviours of polyvinylidene fluoride membrane modified through blending with nano-TiO2/polyethylene glycol mixture

- Nano-TiO2/polyethylene glycol (PEG) mixture was used to modify PVDF membranes.
- The steric hindrance effects of PEG enabled the dispersion of nanoparticles.
- The energy barrier between SMP and modified membranes was increased.
- The modification by nano-TiO2/PEG well improved the anti-fouling ability.