Preparation and surface characterization of CuO and Fe2O3 catalyst

► CuO and Fe2O3 supported on Egyptian Kaolin exhibit a catalytic activity. ► For hydroxylation of benzene to phenol ranges between 83% and 98%. ► CuO catalyst has a higher catalytic activity than that of Fe2O3 catalysts. ► The method of preparation varies the distribution between surface and bulk active sites. ► Thus, in impregnation method playing a significant role in the catalytic activity.